Ruth Kastner, PhD, is a member of the Foundations of Physics group at the University of Maryland, College Park. She is author of The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: The Reality of Possibility, Understanding Our Unseen Reality: Solving Quantum Riddles, and Adventures in Quantumland: Exploring Our Unseen Reality.

In this video, rebooted from 2019, she reviews the history of the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics, originally developed by physicist John Cramer at the University of Washington. She, herself, was responsible for recent modifications to the theory — thus the “relativistic” nomenclature. The theory maintains that enormous action related to the actualization of quantum events takes place outside of the spacetime domain. While this interpretation is not dependent upon consciousness, it allows for the existence of consciousness and is consistent with metaphysical idealism.

(Recorded on October 21, 2019)

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Published on June 10, 2025