Bernardo Kastrup, PhD, is a computer scientist. He is author of Rationalist Spirituality, Why Materialism is Baloney, Dreamed Up Reality, Meaning in Absurdity, Brief Peeks Beyond, More Than Allegory, and The Idea of the World. He has published several papers in Scientific American arguing for metaphysical idealism.

In this discussion he explains that, 200 years ago, Arthur Schopenhauer was independently articulating a philosophy very similar to that of both Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta. He was a friend of Goethe and was responding to the arguments of Kant and Hegel. Kastrup argues that Schopenhauer’s metaphysics (incidentally, very similar to his own) can resolve the “hard problem” of consciousness and the paradoxes of quantum mechanics.

(Recorded on May 20, 2020)

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Published on October 19, 2025